Archivos

An archive is an accumulation of historical records - in any media - or the physical facility in which they are located. Archives contain primary source documents that have accumulated over the course of an individual or organization's lifetime, and are kept to show the function of that person or organization. Professional archivists and historians generally understand archives to be records that have been naturally and necessarily generated as a product of regular legal, commercial, administrative, or social activities. They have been metaphorically defined as the secretions of an organism, and are distinguished from documents that have been consciously written or created to communicate a particular message to posterity. In general, archives consist of records that have been selected for permanent or long-term preservation on grounds of their enduring cultural, historical, or evidentiary value. Archival records are normally unpublished and almost always unique, unlike books or magazines of which many identical copies may exist. This means that archives are quite distinct from libraries with regard to their functions and organization, although archival collections can often be found within library buildings. A person who works in archives is called an archivist. The study and practice of organizing, preserving, and providing access to information and materials in archives is called archival science. The physical place of storage can be referred to as an archive (more usual in the United Kingdom), an archives (more usual in the United States), or a repository. The computing use of the term archive should not be confused with the record-keeping meaning of the term.

El término archivo (latín archīvum) se usa comúnmente para designar a un conjunto ordenado de documentos. Es el conjunto de documentos e información de toda especie, ordenada de manera racional y adecuadamente registrada y conservada, con el fin de divulgar o prestar información. No obstante, archivo es una palabra polisémica que se refiere a: \n* El fondo documental, como conjunto de documentos producidos o recibidos por una persona física o jurídica en el ejercicio de sus actividades. \n* El lugar donde se custodia dicho fondo o acervo documental. \n* La institución o servicio responsable de la custodia y tratamiento archivístico del fondo. La archivística es la ciencia que se ocupa de las técnicas aplicadas a los archivos. Los archivos tienen por función ser fuentes para la historia y la memoria, y garantizar el ejercicio de derechos.​