Viruela

Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980. The risk of death following contracting the disease was about 30%, with higher rates among babies. Often those who survived had extensive scarring of their skin, and some were left blind. The initial symptoms of the disease included fever and vomiting. This was followed by formation of sores in the mouth and a skin rash. Over a number of days the skin rash turned into characteristic fluid-filled bumps with a dent in the center. The bumps then scabbed over and fell off, leaving scars. The disease was spread between people or via contaminated objects. Prevention was primarily by the smallpox vaccine. Once the disease had developed, certain antiviral medication may have helped. The origin of smallpox is unknown. The earliest evidence of the disease dates to the 3rd century BCE in Egyptian mummies. The disease historically occurred in outbreaks. In 18th-century Europe, it is estimated 400,000 people per year died from the disease, and one-third of the cases resulted in blindness. These deaths included six monarchs. Smallpox is estimated to have killed up to 300 million people in the 20th century and around 500 million people in the last 100 years of its existence. As recently as 1967, 15 million cases occurred a year. Inoculation for smallpox appears to have started in China around the 1500s. Europe adopted this practice from Asia in the first half of the 18th century. In 1796 Edward Jenner introduced the modern smallpox vaccine. In 1967, the WHO intensified efforts to eliminate the disease. Smallpox is one of two infectious diseases to have been eradicated, the other being rinderpest in 2011. The term smallpox was first used in Britain in the early 16th century to distinguish the disease from syphilis, which was then known as the great pox. Other historical names for the disease include pox, speckled monster, and red plague.

La viruela fue una enfermedad infecciosa grave, contagiosa, causada por el virus Variola virus que, en algunos casos, podía ser letal. Se considera erradicada desde 1980.​ No tiene tratamiento específico y las únicas formas de prevención son la inoculación o la vacunación. El nombre viruela proviene del latín variŭs (variado, variopinto), y se refiere a los abultamientos que se presentan en la cara y en el cuerpo de una persona infectada. La viruela, junto a la peste bovina, son las dos únicas enfermedades que han sido erradicadas de la naturaleza por el ser humano.​